1: The pectoral fin tends to be flatter shape on the males and more crescent shape on the females.

2: The males have a distinctive hairy looking beard on the pectoral compared to the female.

3: The male genitalia tend to be a narrow arrow shape and the female is a wider heart shape.

4: The male has a narrower head to go with the narrow elongated body shape.

1: The males tend to have a larger fatter head often with a hump.

2: The male dorsal fin tends to extend diagonally beyond the center of the tail.

3: The male genitalia is usually blunt, short, and pointed forward. The female is longer and pointed to the rear. This is evident when spawning.

The females tend to have fatter bellies but as in nature not everything is absolute.

Specific fish can have specific coloration to go with the sex.